What is a Republic?

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[Black's Law Dictionary 5th Edition.]

republic. - A commonwealth; that form of government 
in which the administration of affairs is open to all 
the citizens. In another sense, it signifies the 
state, independently of its form of government.

Constitution for the united States of America, 
Article 4, Section 4: The United States shall guarantee
to every State in this Union a Republican Form of 
Government, and shall protect each of them against
Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or
of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be
convened) against domestic Violence.

republican [form of] government. - A government in the 
republican form; a government of the people; a 
government by representatives chosen by the people. 
In re Duncan, 139 U.S. 449, 11 S.Ct. 573, 35 L.Ed. 
219.

represent. To appear in the character of; personate; 
to exhibit; to expose before the eyes. To represent a 
thing is to produce it publicly. To represent a 
person is to stand in his place; to speak or act with 
authority on behalf of such person; to supply his 
place; to act as his substitute or agent. See also 
Agent; Power of appointment; Representative.

representation of persons. - A fiction of the law, 
the effect of which is to put the representative in 
the place, degree, or right of the person 
represented. Civ. Code La. art. 894.
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A fiction of the law? hmmm. Do we have enough time in 
our lives to be wasting it dealing with fictions of 
law?
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representative. - One who represents or stands in the 
place of another. One who represents others or 
another in a special capacity, as an agent, and term 
is interchangeable with "agent". Sunset Mill & Grain 
Co. v. Anderson, 39 Cal.2d 773, 249 P.2d. 24, 27.
     A person chosen by the people to represent their 
several interests in a legislative body; e.g. 
representative elected to serve in Congress from a 
state congressional district.
     "Representative" includes an agent, an officer 
of a corporation or association, and a trustee, 
executor or administrator of an estate, or any other 
person empowered to act for another. U.C.C. Sec. 1-
201(35).
     See also Agent; Class or representative action; 
Legal representative.
     Personal representative. Executors and 
administrators of person deceased; but it may have a 
wider meaning, according to the intention of the 
person using it, and may include heirs, next of kin, 
descendants, assignees, grantees, receivers, and 
trustees in insolvency.
     Includes executor, adminstrator, successor, 
personal representative, special administrator, and 
persons who perform substantially the same function 
under the law governing their status. "General 
personal representative" excludes special 
administrator. Uniform Probate Code, Sec. 1-201(30).

commonwealth. - The public or common weal or welfare. 
This cannot be regarded as a technical term of public 
law, though often used in political science. It 
generally designates, when so employed, a republican 
frame of government, -- one in which the welfare and 
rights of the entire mass of people are the main 
consideration, rather than the privileges of a class 
or the will of a monarch; or it may designate the 
body of citizens living under such a government.
     Sometimes it may denote the corporate entity, or 
the government, of a jural society (or state) 
possessing powers of self-government in respect of 
its immediate concerns, but forming an integral part 
of a larger government (or nation). In this latter 
sense, it is the official title of several of the 
United States (as Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, 
Virginia, and Kentucky), and would be appropriate to 
them all. In the former sense, the word was used to 
designate the English government during the 
protectorate of Cromwell.
     Any of the individual States of the United 
States and the body of people constituting a state or 
politically organized community, a body politic, 
hence, a state, especially one constituted by a 
number of persons united by compact or tacit 
agreement under one form of government and system of 
laws. Detres v. Lions Bldg. Corp., C.A.Ill., 234 F.2d 
596, 600.
     See Government; Nation; State.

citizen. One who, under the Constitution and laws of 
the United States, or of a particular state, is a 
member of the political community, owing allegiance 
and being entitled to the enjoyment of full civil 
rights. All persons born or naturalized in the United 
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are 
citizens of the United States and of the state 
wherein they reside. U.S.Const., 14th Amend.
     ... "Citizens" are members of a political 
community who, in their associated capacity, have 
established or submitted themselves to the dominion 
of a goverment for the promotion of their general 
welfare and the protection of their individual as 
well as collective rights. Herriott v. City of 
Seattle, 81 Wash.2d 48, 500 P.2d 101, 109.

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Yes, citizens and Citizens are subjects.
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State, n. - A people permanently occupying a fixed 
territory bound together by common-law [King's law, 
not Christian Common Law] habits and custom into one 
body politic exercising, through the medium of an 
organized government, independent sovereignty and 
control over all persons and things within its 
boundaries, capable of making war and peace and of 
entering into international relations with other 
communities of the globe. ... In its largest sense, a 
"state" is a body politic or a society of men. ... A 
body of people occupying a definite territory and 
politically organized under one government. ... A 
territorial unit with a distinct general body of law. 
Restatement, Second, Conflicts, Sec. 3. Term may 
refer either to body politic of a nation (e.g. United 
States) or to an individual governmental unit of such 
nation (e.g. California).
     The section of territory occupied by one of the 
United States. One of the component common-wealths or 
states of the United States of America. The term is 
sometimes applied also to governmental agencies 
authorized by state, such as municipal corporations. 
Any state of the United States, the District of 
Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any 
territory or possession subject to the legislative 
authority of the United States. Uniform Probate Code, 
Sec. 1-201(40).
     The people of a state, in their collective 
capacity, considered as the party wronged by a 
criminal deed; the public; as in the title of a 
cause, "The State vs. A.B."
     Term "state" as used in rules providing when a 
state may appeal in a criminal case is all inclusive 
and intended to include not only the state but its 
political subdivisions, counties and cities. 
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"control over all persons and things within its 
boundaries, capable of making war and peace and of 
entering into international relations with other 
communities of the globe. " hmmmm...... states are 
very dangerous entities. I don't believe this is the 
type of government I want to live under. 

Hmmmm... this kind of puts a kink in the term "Free 
and Independent States" doesn't it? Perhaps even the 
Declaration of Independence is a fraud???
I would suspect so.... could be... the person who has 
been attributed to be it's main writer of that 
document, Thomas Jefferson, became a President of the 
United States, so if the document really used proper 
terms, would it's writer ever become President of a 
government created by the U.S.CONstitution? It is 
also documented that the phrase "Free and Independent
States" (instead of Republics) came from the
Federalist Richard Henry Lee who masqueraded as an
Anti-Federalist, but yet was very "instrumental" in
in robbing the Republics of their autonomy and 
putting too much power into the central government 
under the Articles of Confederation. --- gene karl
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Government. - ...
Mixed government. - A form of government combining 
some of the features of two or all of the three 
primary forms, viz., monarchy, aristocracy, and 
democracy.
Republican government. - One in which the powers of 
sovereignty are vested in the people and are 
exercised by the people, either directly, or through 
representatives chosen by the people, to whom those 
powers are specially delegated. In re Duncan, 139 
U.S. 449, 11 S.Ct. 573, 35 L.Ed. 219; Minor v. 
Happersett, 88 U.S. (21 Wall.) 162, 22 L.Ed. 627.

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From Paralegal's Encyclopedic Dictionary, by Valera 
Grapp, J.D., LL.M.

STATE - The body of people or the territory 
comprising a government. It includes a state 
(sometimes called Commonwealth) of the United States, 
a foreign government or a foreign commonwealth of 
nations.
     A CRIME is a public wrong against the body of 
people of a state. For that reason, a CRIMINAL ACTION 
is brought in the name of the state instead of the 
name of the particular victim of the alleged crime. 
The CAPTION of the case may read: State versus, 
Commonwealth versus, United States versus or REX (or 
REGINA) versus the named DEFENDANT. See also ALIEN 
and FOREIGN STATE.
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More bad news here. "a CRIMINAL ACTION is brought in 
the name of the state instead of the name of the 
particular victim of the alleged crime. " This is 
another sign of an unLawful government in action. No 
wonder they call it a criminal action.
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Democracy. - That form of government in which the 
sovereign power resides in and is exercised by the 
whole body of free citizens directly or indirectly 
through a system of representation, as distinguished 
from a monarchy, aristocracy, or oligarchy.
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Did I hear anyone say, "Dayum. Where did I hear this 
definition before?"?
Sure sounds almost just like a "Republican 
government" now doesn't it?
That's because it is!! It is one and the same thing! 
A "Republican government"
is the same thing as a "Republican form of 
government" which is the same thing as a 
"Representative Democracy." How do you like them 
apples? We have been bamboozled and hoodwinked by 
Masons, Shysters, Lairyers, and just plain high-
falootin' criminals, now haven't we? --- gene karl
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republican [form of] government. - A government in the 
republican form; a government of the people; a 
government by representatives chosen by the people. 
In re Duncan, 139 U.S. 449, 11 S.Ct. 573, 35 L.Ed. 
219.
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Theocracy. - Government of a state by the immediate 
direction of God (or by the assumed direction of a 
supposititious divinity), or the state thus governed.
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A true Republic is a Theocracy without a worldly 
ruler (like a Pope) and without the "state" having 
control over everyone, and the people are bound 
together by True Law of Nature not the King's common-
law.

A true Republic is not the same as a republican form
of government, but it is a "Republican Form of 
Government" that does qualify to be a government
that the Constitution for the united States of 
America must protect under the "Republican Form of 
Government" clause of Article 4, Section 4.

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For another view, visit Gregory's "The ekklesia Kurios"
webpage at:
http://presys.com/~ekklesia/rvd.htm

"The term republic, res publica, signifies the state 
independently of its form of government."
Bouvier's Vol.1. page 13 (1870).

Before we go farther it should be understood that the 
original republic was one in which a freeman was free 
from civil authority and religiously allowed to accept 
or reject his God as King. The word republic was used 
because those early pilgrims and separatists knew its
origins. It is a shortened form of the Latin idiom 
"Libera res Publica" meaning "free from things public." 
The heads of the government were "titular" in authority, 
meaning they held authority "in name only." In an 
indirect democracy the mob elects those that govern the 
whole, while in the republic you only elected 
representatives with a limited authority.

"Where, Say Some, is the king of America? I'll tell you, 
Friend, he reigns above, and doth not make havoc
of mankind..." Thomas Paine's Common Sense

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From: Big Al <bigal123@gloryroad.net>
To: anti-federalist@egroups.com
Subject: Re: [anti-federalist] Re: u.s.A. vs. U.S. site is Incorrect
Date: Mon, 03 Jan 2000 17:46:47 -0500

As stated in Texas v. White,  Congress and only Congress determines
what a "republic" is.  It can be anything they want it to be.  Hey,
the court stated it I didn't.
Big Al

JIM MEISINGER wrote:

>  Question, then why does the Constitution 'guarantee to every state a
> Republican form of government'?
> Janet Lee: Meisinger
>
> Gene Karl wrote:
>
>>  This website trying to explain the difference
    between u.s.A. vs. U.S. is on the right track
    but it is incorrect. That is why I ignored the
    post earlier.

    The Declaration of Independence in 1776 recognized
    many Independent Republics not one conglomeration.
    This website clings to the notion that the
    CONstitution for the united States of America
    is a Lawful document establishing a Republic and
    and that is incorrect. See The Series by David
    Gould and other works by The Informer, Montgomery
    and Boryszewski.

    Where it says:
    Created by merchants, and bankers
    [by acts of treason]
    They also forced the South and other States to
    secede This Martial Law government is a fiction
    managing civil affairs

    I can also say the same about the U.S. CON.

    The u.s.A did NOT start with the Declaration
    of Independence.

    The CONstitution was NOT added to restrict
    and limit the federal venue, it was added
    to EXPAND federal venue.

    The pledge of allegiance to the U.S. flag contains more
    than one lie and is an oath forbidden by the
    Holy Word of God and it is also a propaganda
    tool.

    Republic does not simply mean government
    of the people.

    The CONstitution for the united states
    of America also emphasizes a democracy.
    Ask David Gould.

    The CONstitution for the united states
    of America does not maintain all states
    as Republics, it maintains them as
    representative democracies in a state
    fashion under the Crown.

    There are so many mistakes in this website
    that we can classify it as complete
    socialist propaganda.

    Also in the message about the South,
    I would say that there is slavery authorized
    by God and unjust slavery that is not
    authorized by God.

    I would also say that the Confederate
    CONstitution was a copy cat of the federal
    yankee CONstitution therefore even the
    Confederates were not fighting for local
    self-governance. Both forms of government,
    the Federal and the Confederal were both
    federal in nature, combining more than one
    state into a federation of states which is
    a central government, not local self-governance.

    sincerely,
    gene karl
==============================================================
How does Ballantine's define "State"? 
David Quinn wrote:

> Al,
>
> Thinking back to the discussion on the Declaration of Independence:
>
> How does Ballantine's define "State"?  ("Free and Independent States")
>
> David

From: Big Al <bigal123@gloryroad.net>

2 1/2 inches in length of definition of State but basically the
definition states; "A body Politic"  "A political community".

Notice the word "political".  So we go to the definition of
"poltical" in Ballentines
POLITICAL: Pertaining to the government; pertaining to anything connected with candidacy for office or the support of a candidacy for
office.
POLITICAL BODY:A body of government, such as a legislature or municipality.
A body established as a source of administrator of governmental power, such as a state, a county, a municipality.  Not the same as a
political party.

So did you think it was us, the little people?  Guess again.  here is
an interesting definition, of which there are two pages dealing with
political.  You are gonna love this.
POLITICAL RIGHTS;  Constitutional rights, particulary  the right of
assembly, sufferage (voting), and the right to be a candidate for and
to hold public office.

So State is defined as a body politic with only political rights and
never in any of the definitions do they include natural common rights
of man.  So there it is constitutional rights are POLITICAL in nature
and none else.  Oh it also says the State is the sovereign in one of
the definitions, not man, only the body politic which is those in
power claiming they are the state.
Big Al
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State governments are the creation of and are puppet governments
for the Crown. One step up from a colony perhaps. -- gene karl