Here are some real bad guys: Inns of Court. - These are certain private unincorporated associations, in the nature of collegiate houses, located in London, and invested with the exclusive privilege of calling men to the bar; that is, conferring the rank or degree of a barrister. They were founded probably about the beginning of the fourteenth century. The principal inns of court are the Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn. (The two former originally belonged to the Knights Templar; the two latter to the earls of Lincoln and Gray respectively.) These bodies now have a "common council of legal education," for giving lectures and holding examinations. The inns of chancery, distinguishable from the foregoing, but generally classed with them under the general name, are the buildings known as "Clifford's Inn," "Clement's Inn," "New Inn," "Staples' Inn," and "Barnard's Inn." They were formerly a sort of collegiate houses in which law students learned the elements of law before being admitted into the inns of court, but they have long ceased to occupy that position. The Inns of Court (governed by officers called "Benches") hold the exclusive privilege of conferring the degree of barrister-at-law which is required to practice as an advocate or counsel in the superior courts. [Black's Law Dictionary 5th Ed.] The Knights Templar? So there is a Masonic connection after all... interesting.... ------------------------- Gene, there are 4 INNS of Court chartered in North Carolina. We pulled their charters over a year ago. One is in Raleigh, Chapel Hill,Winston Salem and Ashville. Two are non profit and two are for profit. we have all the names of attorneys of office and all. All you have to do in your state is go to The Sec. Of States office in the UCC section and put them up on their computer screen and make a copy. Sure they exist here, how else would the Crown control what is going on in this country. The bad guys have been here for a long time. Big Al ================================================================== http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/43/M0012043.htm Inns of Court Four private legal societies in London, England: Lincoln's Inn, Gray's Inn, Inner Temple, and Middle Temple. All barristers (advocates in the English legal system) must belong to one of the Inns of Court. The main function of each Inn is the education, government, and protection of its members. Each is under the administration of a body of Benchers (judges and senior barristers). Related Articles: barrister © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/69/M0014569.htm barrister In the UK, a lawyer qualified by study at the Inns of Court to plead for a client in court. In Scotland such lawyers are called advocates. Barristers also undertake the writing of opinions on the prospects of a case before trial. They act for clients through the intermediary of solicitors. In the USA an attorney may serve the functions of barrister and solicitor. Traditionally, in the highest courts, only barristers could represent litigants, but this distinction between barristers and solicitors was abolished in the 1990s. When pupil barristers complete their training they are 'called to the Bar': this being the name of the ceremony in which they are admitted as members of the profession. Barristers remain outside the bar until they become Queen's Counsel, appointed on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor, when they 'take silk' (wear a silk instead of a stuff gown) and are called 'within the Bar'. In Britain, a barrister is obliged to accept instructions from any client who wants their services, provided the case is within the lawyer's expertise and the client can pay the fee - the 'cab rank rule'. The barrister is not, therefore, personally vouching for a client's case, and cannot turn down a case because of their perception of a client's guilt or innocence. Related Articles: advocate Advocates, Faculty of Bar, the Inns of Court King's Counsel Queen's Counsel solicitor © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/10/M0019210.htm advocate (Latin advocatus, one summoned to a person's aid, especially in a court of law) professional pleader in a court of justice. More common terms are attorney, lawyer, barrister, or counsel, but advocate is retained in such countries as Scotland and France, whose legal systems are based on Roman law. In many tribunals lay persons may appear as advocates. Related Articles: barrister © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/25/M0000025.htm Advocates, Faculty of Professional organization for Scottish advocates, the equivalent of English barristers. It was incorporated 1532 under James V. © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/36/M0031336.htm Bar, the In law, the profession of barristers collectively. To be called to the Bar is to become a barrister. Prospective barristers in the UK must not only complete a course of study in law but also be admitted to one of the four Inns of Court before they can be 'called'. The General Council of the Bar and of the Inns of Court (known as the Bar Council) is the professional governing body of the Bar. © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/11/M0014111.htm King's Counsel In England, a barrister of senior rank; the term is used when a king is on the throne and Queen's Counsel when the monarch is a queen. © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/25/M0017625.htm Queen's Counsel (QC) in England, a barrister appointed to senior rank by the Lord Chancellor. When the monarch is a king the term is King's Counsel (KC). A QC wears a silk gown, and takes precedence over a junior member of the Bar. Related Articles: barrister King's Counsel © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/02/M0007202.htm solicitor In the UK, a member of one of the two branches of the English legal profession, the other being a barrister. A solicitor is a lawyer who provides all-round legal services (making wills, winding up estates, conveyancing, divorce, and litigation). A solicitor cannot appear at High Court level, but must brief a barrister on behalf of his or her client. Solicitors may become circuit judges and recorders. The Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 leaves to a committee of lawyers and lay people, chaired by Lord Griffiths, the work of deciding the extent to which solicitors and employed barristers should be allowed into the higher courts. Related Articles: barrister Writers to the Signet © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 http://ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/73/M0018473.htm Writers to the Signet Society of Scottish solicitors. Their predecessors were originally clerks in the secretary of state's office entrusted with the preparation of documents requiring the signet, or seal. Scottish solicitors may be members of other societies, such as the Royal Faculty of Procurators in Glasgow. © Copyright Helicon Publishing 1999 ================================================================ http://www.innsofcourt.org/ http://www.innsofcourt.org/index2.htm http://www.innsofcourt.org/aboutframe.htm American Inns of Court (AIC) are designed to improve the skills, professionalism and ethics of the bench and bar. An American Inn of Court is an amalgam of judges, lawyers, and in some cases, law professors and law students. Each Inn meets approximately once a month both to “break bread” and to hold programs and discussions on matters of ethics, skills and professionalism. Looking for a new way to help lawyers and judges rise to higher levels of excellence, professionalism, and ethical awareness, the American Inns of Court adopted the traditional English model of legal apprenticeship and modified it to fit the particular needs of the American legal system. American Inns of Court help lawyers to become more effective advocates and counselors with a keener ethical awareness. Members learn side-by-side with the most experienced judges and attorneys in their community. An American Inn of Court is not a fraternal order, a social club, a course in continuing legal education, a lecture series, an apprenticeship system, or an adjunct of a law school’s program. While an AIC partakes of some of each of these concepts, it is quite different in aim, scope, and effect. American Inns of Court actively involve more than 20,000 state, federal and administrative law judges, attorneys, legal scholars and third-year law students. Membership is composed of the following categories: Masters of the Bench-judges, experienced lawyers, and law professors; Barristers-lawyers with some experience who do not meet the minimum requirements for Masters; Associates-lawyers who do not meet the minimum requirement for Barristers; and Pupils-third-year law students. The suggested maximum number of active members in an Inn is 80. Most Inns concentrate on issues surrounding civil and criminal litigation practice, and include attorneys from a number of specialties. However, there are several Inns that specialize in criminal practice, federal litigation, tax law, administrative law, white-collar crime, bankruptcy, intellectual property, family law, or employment and labor law. The membership is divided into “pupillage teams,” with each team consisting of a few members from each membership category. Each pupillage team conducts one program for the Inn each year. Pupillage team members get together informally outside of monthly Inn meetings in groups of two or more. This allows the less-experienced attorneys to become more effective advocates and counselors by learning from the more-experienced attorneys and judges. In addition, each less-experienced member is assigned to a more-experienced attorney or judge who acts as a mentor and encourages conversations about the practice of law. http://www.innsofcourt.org/serviceframe.htm The American Inns of Court was born from an admiration of the esteemed and ancient Inns of Court of England. The concept of the American Inns of Court was adapted from the English model. Early in the Inn movement we were fortunate to establish a working friendship with the four Inns of Court of England, and because of this friendship, there are some unique opportunities available to Inn members. Pegasus Trust Scholarships Temple Bar Scholarships Or to visit the English Inns of Court, click here. Pegasus Trust Scholarships provide opportunities for young American lawyers to visit London and learn first-hand about the English legal system by working directly with English barristers and judges. Pegasus Scholarships are three months, usually commencing on February 1. 2000 Pegasus Scholars Kyle Hoffman and Michael Weinstein The work of a Pegasus scholar is challenging but rewarding. The program is designed to provide an intensive introduction to the English legal system. All members who are in their first five years of practice are encouraged to apply. To receive an application form, click here to download in PDF format or e-mail to dakridge@innsofcourt.org to receive a complete brochure. Click here, for a complete report from one of the 1999 Pegasus Scholars. The Pegasus Trust is an exchange program, which means young English barristers travel to America for three months and are placed with a host Inn of Court. The Inn plans the scholars' educational activities for the three-month stay. Typically, an Inn will arrange for the scholar to spend time with various types of law firms, courts, and with a local law school, if available. The goal is to provide a broad but thorough exposure to the American legal system. The lodging expenses, as well as a modest stipend are paid by the American Inns of Court Foundation. If your Inn might be interested in hosting a scholar, dakridge@innsofcourt.org. 1999 Temple Bar Scholars (from left) Jennifer Mason, Curtis Gannon, Catherine Sharkey, and Jenny Martinez (Executive Director Don Stumbaugh is in center.) Click Here to get more information about the 1999 Temple Bar scholars. History and Purpose The Temple Bar Foundation was created in 1991 by the late Right Honorable Lord Denning of Witchurch, former Master of the Rolls, and the late Honorable Warren E. Burger, former Chief Justice of the United States, to further the development of strengthened ties between leading members of the English and American bars and to advocate greater attention to the professional ethical standards those establishments share. What is the Temple Bar? The Temple Bar was a great stone gate, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, that stood as an entrance to central London. The area surrounding the Temple Bar is where the guilds of lawyers organized into what would become the Inns of Court in an area that is now considered "Legal London." The archway stood until 1878, when modern progress forced its removal to the countryside of England. It was the last of the original gates to remain standing. There are plans to move the Temple Bar back to London, where it will be attached to one of Wren’s other great achievements, St. Paul’s Cathedral. About the Program The scholarship begins at the end of September, when the scholars arrive in London to attend the ceremonial opening of the legal year at Westminster Abbey and a reception held in their honor by the U.S. Ambassador to the Court of St. James. Also during the first week of the scholarship, scholars visit the four Inns of Court and meet with the preeminent leaders of the English bench and bar. The next two weeks are spent in mini-pupillage in leading barristers chambers. While there, scholars "shadow" a barrister, observing and discussing English trial practice. During this time, the scholars will receive intense exposure to the English legal system, learning first-hand from some of the most senior members of the legal profession. The final week of the scholarship is spent as a "marshall" for a High Court Justice. Here the scholar will observe the legal process from the bench perspective, with opportunities to discuss matters with the judge. The Temple Bar Foundation works closely with key legal institutions in London to offer a challenging annual program for Temple Bar Foundation scholars. How are scholars selected? Each year, the Temple Bar Foundation selects four outstanding young U.S. lawyers who would benefit from a one-month program designed to introduce them to the English legal system. Individuals interested in participating as a Temple Bar scholar must submit a resumé and short personal statement to the selection committee no later than May 31. Applications should be accompanied by a letter of recommendation from the judge for whom the applicant clerked. Scholars will be selected by June 15. The three principle selection criteria for Temple Bar Foundation scholars are high academic achievement in law school experience as a law clerk for a justice of a leading appellate court, including the Supreme Court of the United States demonstrated interest in international law issues What are the costs? Scholars are provided air transportation, lodging and a modest stipend to help cover their expenses for the duration of the program. Entertainment and additional travel expenses are the responsibility of the scholar, as are any costs associated with a lengthened stay. ====================================================== http://www.innertemple.org.uk/index2.htm FOUNDATION-THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR The Temple Church was consecrated in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary on 10 February 1185 by Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem. The whole Temple community had moved from an earlier site in High Holborn, now considered too confined. The church was the chapel serving the London headquarters of the Knights Templar, and from them it took its name. The Templars - as the knights were popularly known - were soldier monks. After the success of the First Crusade, the order was founded in Jerusalem in a building on the site of King Solomon's temple. Their mission was to protect pilgrims travelling to and from the Holy Land, but in order to do this they needed men and money. To enable recruitment and fund- raising they built monasteries - temples - in most of the capital cities of Europe. The London Temple was their headquarters in Great Britain. The Templars' churches were always built to a circular design to remind them of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, a round, domed building raised over the site of the sepulchre where Jesus was buried. At first, the Templars were liked and respected. St Bernard of Clairvaux became their patron and they gained many privileges from popes and much support from kings. In England, King Henry II was present at the consecra- tion of the church; King Henry III favoured them so much that he wished to be buried in their church. As a consequence of this wish, the choir of the church was pulled down and a far larger one built in its place, the choir which we now see. This was consecrated on Ascension Day 1240 in the presence of the king. However, after Henry died it was discovered that he had altered his will, and he was buried in Westminster Abbey. http://www.innertemple.org.uk/index2.htm DECLINE AND FALL Little more than fifty years after the church's consecration, the Templars fell on evil times. The Holy Land was recaptured by the Saracens and so their work came to an end. The wealth they had accumulated made them the target of envious enemies, and in 1307, at the instigation of Philip IV King of France, the Order was abolished by the Pope. The papal decree was obeyed in England and King Edward II took control of the London Temple. Eventually he gave it to the Order of St John - the Knights Hospitaller - who had always worked with the Templars. At the time, the lawyers were looking for a home in London in order to attend the royal courts in Westminster. So the Temple was rented to two colleges of lawyers, who came to be identified as the Inner and Middle Temples. The two colleges shared the use of the church. In this way, the Temple Church became the college chapel of those two soci- eties and has so continued to the present day. It was King Henry VIII who brought about the next change in the church. In 1540 he abolished the Hospitallers and confiscated their property. The Temple again belonged to the Crown. It was then for Henry to provide a priest for the church, to whom he gave the title'Master of the Temple'. http://www.innertemple.org.uk/index2.htm THE BATTLE OF THE PULPIT In 1585 the second Master of the Temple, Richard Alvey, died. His deputy - the Reader, Walter Travers - expected to be promoted, but because of his extreme Calvinist views this did not happen. Instead a new Master, Richard Hooker, was appointed from Exeter college, Oxford. On Hooker's arrival, a unique situation arose. Each Sunday morning he would preach his sermon; each Sunday afternoon Travers would contradict him. People came to call it the Battle of the Pulpit, saying mischievously that Canterbury was preached in the morning and Geneva in the afternoon. There was a lasting result of all this: Hooker published his teaching and came to be recognised as the founding father of Anglican theology. http://www.innertemple.org.uk/index2.htm The Battle of the Organs Another conflict took place in the 17th century. After the Great Fire of London in 1666 the church, though undamaged, was refurbished by Sir Christopher Wren, and an organ was introduced into the church for the first time. Unfortunatly, the two Inns of Court could not agree about which organ to install. One society wanted to have an instrument built by Father Smith while the other preferred an organ by Renatus Harris. To demonstrate the qualities of the instruments, many organists, induding the court composer George Frederick Handel, played on them. Such was the heat and the inconclusiveness of the debate that eventually it was decided the choice should be made by the Lord Chancellor, Judge Jeffreys. The notorious judge chose the Father Smith instrument and this organ was used in the church until the Second World War, when it was destroyed in the fire raid that gutted the building. For the best part of a century, from 1729 to 1814, each of the Inns appointed their own organist. The church therefore had two of them, each playing on alternate Sundays! One of those appointed by the Inner Temple was John Stanley, organist 1734-1786, who was also Master of the King's Band under George III. He wrote much music for the organ, some of which is still played today. THE ROYAL CHARTER By the end of the 16th century, the two Inns of Court had erected many fine buildings at the Temple, yet their position as tenants was not a secure one. In order to protect what they had built up from any future whims of the Crown, they petitioned King James I for a more satisfactory arrangement. On 13 August 1608 the King granted the two Inns a Royal Charter giving them use of the Temple in perpetuity. One condition of this was that the Inns must maintain the church. The Temple and the church are still governed by that char- ter. In gratitude, the Inns gave King James a fine gold cup. Some years later, in the Civil war, his son Charles I needed funds to keep his army in the field. The cup was sold in Holland and has disap- peared for ever. VICTORIAN RESTORATION In 1841 the church was againrestored, by Smirke and Burton, the walls and ceiling being decorated inthe high Victorian Gothic style. The object of this was to bring the church back to its original appearance, for it would have been brightly decorated like this when first built. Nothing of the work remains, however, for it was destroyed by fire bombs exactly a century after its completion. After the Victorian restoration, a choir of men and boys was introduced for the first time. The first organist and choirmaster was Dr Edward John Hopkins who remained in this post for over 50 years, 1843-96, establishing the Temple Church choir as one of the finest in London, a city of fine choirs. This tradition of high-quality music was maintained by Hopkins'well-known successor, Henry Walford Davies, who stayed until 1923. THE 20TH CENTURY In 1923 Dr G.T. Thalben-Ball was appointed organist and choirmaster. This musician, later world- renowned, was to serve the church even longer than his predecessor, John Hopkins, retiring in 1982 after 59 years in office. One reason for his celebrity was the record made in 1927 of Mendelssohn's Hear My Prayer by Thalben-Ball and the boy soloist Ernest Lough. The recording became world-famous and brought visitors to the church from all parts of the globe. In 1941 on the night of 10 May, when Luftwaffe air raids on London were at their height, the church was badly damaged by incendiary bombs. The roof of the round church burned first and the wind soon spread the blaze to the nave and choir. The organ was completely destroyed, together with all the wood in the church. The following morning the artist Kathleen Allen sat in the round church and painted the scene of destruction. The picture she created, now in the church porch, is predominantly grey, this being the molten lead from the roof which had run down the pillars on to the effigies. Restoration took a long time to complete. The choir, containing a new organ given by Lord Glen- tannar, was the first area of the church to be rededicated in March 1954. By a stroke of good fortune the architects, Walter and Emil Godfrey, were able to use the reredos designed by Wren for his 17th-century restoration. Removed by Smirke and Burton in 1841, it had spent over a century in the Bowes Museum, County Durham, and was now re-installed in its original position. The round church was rededicated in November 1958. Probably the most notable feature of today's church is the east window. This was a gift from the Glaziers' Company in 1954 to replace that destroyed in the war. It was designed by Carl Edwards and illustrates Jesus' connection with the Temple at Jerusalem. In one panel we see him talking with the learned teachers there, in another driving out the money- changers. The window also depicts some ofthe personalities associated with Temple Church over the centuries,including Henry II, Henry III and several of the medieval Masters of the Temple. http://www.innertemple.org.uk/index2.htm History of The Inner Temple Buildings Archives Location Map History of the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple The recorded history of the area known as the Temple begins in about 1160 when it was acquired by the Knights of the Military Order of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem, who moved their London base there from the Old Temple site in Holborn. Following the loss of the Holy Land in the 1290s, the Order of the Temple declined and in 1312 was dissolved, after the Knights had been arrested and imprisoned at the instigation of Pope Clement V for alleged malpractice. The Templars estates were granted by the Pope to the Knights of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem and, although the New Temple was seized initially by Edward II as forfeit to the Crown, the King conceded the consecrated portion and subsequently the whole site to the Hospitallers. The Hospitallers merely drew income from the land. By about 1350, when the royal courts were sitting permanently at Westminster, the Temple had become a home for lawyers and from an early date, it seems that there were two independent legal societies based there, Inner and Middle Temple, each occupying a separate hall. In 1608, James I granted the Temple to the Benchers of the two Inns in free and common socage. The division of the site between the two societies was formalised in 1732 by a deed of partition, with only the Temple Church, the Masters house and garden and the churchyard remaining in common. For a fuller historical account see J.H.Baker The Inner Temple: a brief historical description 1991 BUILDINGS The Temple Church The oldest part of the church is the Round which was consecrated in 1185. The quire was consecrated in 1240. The church was seriously damaged during the Second World War but when the damage was made good the reredos by Wren which had been removed by the 19th century 'restorers', was replaced. For many centuries it has been the custom for Members of the Inner Temple to sit on the south side of the church. The church is served by the Master of the Temple who resides in the Master's House adjoining the church. The usual Sunday services are Holy Communion at 8.30 am and Morning Prayer at 11.15 am. Hall The Hall stands on the site of one of the ancient halls of the Knights of the Temple. At the west end there still survives a mediaeval portion consisting of the old buttery and the crypt beneath it. In the crypt there is a fine 15th-century fireplace. The mediaeval Hall was taken down in 1868 and replaced by a larger Gothic Hall which was destroyed by enemy action in 1941. The foundation stone of the present Hall was laid by Her Majesty the Queen in 1952. Library The Library, one of the oldest Law Libraries in the country, is mentioned in the records of the Inn as early as 1505. Although the building has been renewed and repaired over the centuries, the Inn's Library has been in continuous use since the early 16th century. The predecessor of the present building was erected in the 19th century and destroyed by enemy action in 1941. Fortunately all the manuscripts and early printed books had been removed to places of safety, but about 45 000 volumes were lost. Most of the losses have been made good by gifts and purchases. The present library was opened in 1958. It now contains about 95 000 volumes. Garden The entrance gates from Crown Office Row were erected in 1730. In addition to the Inner Temple Pegasus they bear the Gray's Inn Griffin to betoken the 'ancient amity' between the two Inns. Near the bottom of Paper Buildings is a sundial in the form of a kneeling negro boy, which came from Clement's Inn and is said to have been brought from Italy in 1700. A statue of a boy by Margaret Wrightson by the round pond bears the quotation from Charles Lamb, 'Lawyers I suppose were children once...' Chambers Most of the Chambers in the Inner Temple are used for professional purposes but the chambers above the second floor are generally residential. Crown Office Row The old Crown Office, from which this building takes its name, was removed to another part of the Temple as long ago as 1621 and has been in the Royal Courts of Justice since 1882. The present building was designed by Sir Edward Maufe, RA. On the south wall is a plaque recording that Charles Lamb, whose father was a servant of the Inn, was born in the building which previously stood on the site and was destroyed in 1941. The carving of Pegasus over the doorway of No 2 is by Sir Charles Wheeler, PRA. Dr Johnson's Buildings These chambers were built in 1857 and commemorate by their name the residence of Dr Samuel Johnson at No 1 Inner Temple Lane, which formerly stood on part of the site. Farrar's Building In the Middle Ages the town house of the Bishop of Ely stood on this site. In a later building James Boswell, the biographer of Dr Johnson, had his chambers. The present building was erected in 1876. Francis Taylor Building This building, completed in 1957, preserves the memory of Sir Francis Taylor, QC, later Lord Maenan, who had been a Bencher for 46 years when he died in 1951. The southern part of the building incorporates the remaining part of the old Tanfield Court, which took its name from Sir Lawrence Tanfield, Baron of the Exchequer in 1607. Harcourt Buildings This range of buildings was designed by Sir Hubert Worthington, RA. Its predecessor was destroyed in 1941. The name commemorates Lord Chancellor Harcourt, during whose Treasurership the original building on the site was erected in 1703. Hare Court The Court takes its name from Nicholas Hare, who rebuilt part of it in 1567, though his building has been long replaced. A better known occupant was Lord Chief Justice Jeffreys, who had chambers on the west side of the court when he was at the Bar. King's Bench Walk The old King's Bench Office was destroyed by fire in 1677. The existing buildings in King's Bench Walk are of various dates from 1678 to the early 19th century, though the only old part of No 1 to survive is the doorway, the rest having been destroyed in 1941. Nos 4 and 5 are believed to be the work of Sir Christopher Wren. Littleton Building Constructed from 1992 to 1994 on the site of the sixteenth century Alienation Office garden, the Littleton building contains the Inns newest sets of chambers. It replaces Niblett hall, which had been erected on the site in 1927 to house a lecture room and meeting place, funded by a legacy from William Charles Niblett of Singapore. Mitre Court Buildings No. 1 was erected in 1830. No. 2 is a reproduction made necessary by war damage. Sir Edward Coke had chambers in the building known as Fuller's Rents, which formerly stood on this site. Paper Buildings The first buildings on this site were named Heyward's Buildings. They were built in 1610 of timber, lath and plaster. This method of construction was known as 'paperwork' hence the name Paper Buildings. Nos 1 to 4 were rebuilt in 1838 and No 5 at the south end was added ten years later. John Selden's chambers were on the site, the present No 1. Temple Gardens Nos 1 and 2, Temple Gardens are part of the Inner Temple. The building was designed by Sir Charles Barry, the architect of the Houses of Parliament. General Facilities The Library As a Student Member you are welcome to use the library and on joining the Inn you will be given an identity card for this purpose. It is a reference library and books may not be borrowed although there is a short loan scheme for Vocational Course Students. Details of this are available from the library staff. The Lawson Reading Room The Lawson Reading Room is situated on the floor below the Library. It houses a collection of books given to the Inn by the late Master Charles Lawsort for students. The collection is updated each year. The Reading Room is manned on a voluntary basis by students and is therefore open when needed. The student on the Library Committee organises the opening times and the rota of volunteers. Pegasus Bar The Pegasus Bar and Students' Common Room opened in January 1992 in the basement of the Treasury building. Access is via the Library Entrance to the building or the Staircase in Church Court. It is open from 9.30am to 9.00pm serving subsidised snacks, lunches, teas and drinks. Members can hire the basement for private parties and should contact the Office and House Manager and Catering Manager to arrange this. Hall Students may lunch in the Hall but must observe the dress code - dark suits. Lunch is served between 12.30 pm and 1.45 pm. Students may bring guests but must sign them into the Visitor's Book. The Garden The Inner Temple Garden is open daily between 12.30 pm and 3.00 pm throughout the year. Anyone wishing to play croquet should collect the keys to the garden and the croquet shed from the Pegasus Bar. You should sign your name down when you take the key. You can also book in advance. Archives The archives of the Inner Temple document much of its long history. Dating from the 16th century, they cover all aspects of the life of the Society. They include records of the admission and call of members (admissions from 1547), acts of the Inns parliament (from 1505), bench table orders (from 1668), accounts (from 1606) and documentation regarding domestic administration and the building and maintenance of chambers (from the 17th century). The archives are described in more detail in a Handlist of the Inner Temple Archives (1992) which is available in the Inner Temple Library and at the National Register of Archives. Researchers wishing to consult the archives should apply in writing to: The Archivist, Treasurers Office, Inner Temple, London EC4Y 7HL Tel. 0171 797 8251 Fax. 0171 797 8178 http://www.lincolnsinn.org.uk/